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Infectious diseases in the practice of a doctor account for up to 90% of all pathologies encountered during the initial treatment of patients for help. Childhood infections account for more than 50% of infectious diseases in general. A number of conditions complicating infections in childhood are potentially lethal and are accompanied by danger signs identified in the standard of care for children under the WHO Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) Program. Infectious pathology is the most common cause of infant and child mortality in the world. Despite the obvious success of vaccination within the framework of the National Immunization Schedule, the problem of measles, rubella, and whooping cough has not been fully resolved; intestinal infections, including viral ones, are a partial cause of morbidity and mortality. In this regard, the study of major childhood infections, especially those occurring with neurotoxicosis, high fever. Special attention is paid to the problem of intrauterine infections occurring with damage to the liver, central nervous system, and organs of vision. An important aspect in the training of any doctor is the identification of severe forms of infectious diseases in children, the provision of first aid to them and timely referral to hospital treatment.